| Glossary |
| [A] [B]
[C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [ I ] [J]
[K] [L] [M]
[N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [V] [W] [ X] [Y]
[Z] |
| ABR |
Acrylate-butadiene rubber |
| Abrasion
A |
The abrasion A in mm³ is the
volumetric loss determined in accordance with the test conditions laid down for this test
method suffered by a defined test body when this is moved along a defined abrasion path
while pressed with a defined pressure against a sheet of emery paper of defined attack
strength (reference attack strength). |
| Adhesive
force |
The adhesive force in
accordance with this standard is the maximum force which arises when the elastomer is
peeled off from the rigid plate of a standard test body at an angle of 90 °C (DIN 53531
T1) |
| Adhesion |
The bond between a rubber
surface and a nonrubber surface (e. g., metal, concrete); the strength of the bond between
two uncured rubber surfaces or plies. |
| Adhesive |
Part of a cement system
applied over prepared surfaces for bonding them to rubber |
| Attack
strength |
The attack strength S in mg of
the sheet of test emery paper is the loss in mass of a defined test body from the control
elastomer that is moved over this sheet under defined test condi-tions (DIN 53516) |
| Autoclave |
A heavy steel vessel in which
rubber articles are vulcanized by means of steam and/or hot air and under pressure. |
| Autoclave
cure |
The rubber-lined equipment is
placed in an autoclave and subjected to steam and/or hot air under controlled temperature
and pressure. This method of curing is preferred because it allows better heat transfer
and a shorter cure cycle 
|
| BIIR |
Brom-isobutene-isoprene rubber
(usually designated brombutyl rubber) |
| Blister |
A cavity within the lining
material, between the lining materials layers, or between the lining and substrate. |
| BR |
Butadiene rubber
(polybutadiene rubber) |
| Butt
joint |
A joint made in a rubber part
before or after vulcanization by placing the two pieces to be joined edge-to-edge. |
| Butyl
rubber |
Isobutene-isoprene rubber
(IIR), synthetic rubber, soft rubber, chlorobutyl and bromobutyl rubber as variants
containing halogens with modified properties, high chemical resistance and high resistance
to permeation, resistant to ozone and weathering
|
| Calender |
A machine equipped with two or
more heavy, internally heated or cooled rolls used for the continuous sheeting or
"plying up" of rubber compounds. |
| Chloro-butyl |
Chloro-isobutene-isoprene
rubber (CIIR) |
| Chlorosulfonated
polyethylene |
Synthetic rubber (CSM), soft
rubber, good resistance to oxidation (usually designated Hypalon) |
| CIIR |
Chloro-isobutene-isoprene
rubber (usually designated chloro-butyl rubber) |
| Contact
adhesive |
Glue, used for the application
of pre-vulcanized rubber material |
| CR |
Chloroprene rubber / Neoprene
rubber (Du Pont) |
| CSM |
Chlorosulfonated polyethylene
(usually designated Hypalon) |
| Cure
- chemical |
Vulcanization is achieved at
ambient temperatures by typicaly applying a liquid vulcanizing agent to the surface of the
rubber. Supplementary heat can help to speed up the cure. |
| Curing |
The act of vulcanization; a
description of a definite time and temperature of vulcanization.
|
| Density |
The density of a material is
the quotient from the mass m and the volume V (DIN 53479) |
| Durometer
gauge |
Apparatus for determining the
hardness of rubber by measuring its resistance to the penetration of a blunt indenter
point impressed on the surface by spring action. |
| Durometer
hardness |
An arbitrary numerical value
that measures the resistance to indentation of the blunt indenter point of the durometer.
Shore hardness, Shore A for soft rubber, Shore D for Ebonite/hard rubber
|
| Elastomers |
Polymeric materials (cured
goods) which are solidified in a glasslike manner at temperatures significantly below 0
°C and which do not flow in a viscous manner even at high temperatures but behave
elastically in the range between their glass point and their decomposition
temperature |
| Elongation
at tear |
The elongation at tear is the
quotient of the change Lt - L0 of the test length as measured at the
moment of tear and the original length L0 of the test body (DIN 53504) |
| Extruder |
A machine for continuous
forming of rubber by forcing through a die.
|
| Glue |
Contact adhesive
|
| Holiday Test |
High voltage spark test for
the detection of pinholes (vide "spark tester") |
| Hypalon |
Trade name and the designation
usual in the USA for chloro-sulfonated rubber (CSR)
|
| IIR |
Isobutene-isoprene rubber
(usually designated butyl rubber) |
| Internal
mixer |
Mixing unit for the production
of rubber mixtures |
| IR |
Isoprene rubber, synthetically
manufactured NR
|
| Lap joint |
A joint made by overlapping
the edge of one piece of material flat over the edge of another. |
| Layer
thickness of the rubber lining |
Thickness of
the rubber lining applied, usually nominal thickness +/- 10 %
|
| Mixing mill |
Driven pair of rollers for the
production of rubber mixtures as well as for the plasticizing, homogenizing, preheating
and rough-crushing of rubber |
| Mooney |
Test with the shearing disk
viscosimeter according to Mooney
|
| Natural rubber, hard |
Natural rubber or polymer of
isoprene (NR), characterized by good processability and resistance to a wide range of
chemical agents, shows duroplastic properties |
| Natural
rubber, soft |
Natural rubber or polymer of
isoprene (NR), lower degree of cross-linking than hard natural rubber, high abrasion
resistance, medium chemical resistance |
| NBR |
Acrylnitrile-butadiene rubber
(usually designated nitrile rubber) |
| NCR |
Acrylnitrile-chloroprene
rubber |
| Neoprene |
Trade name, the usual
designation in the USA for chlororprene rubber |
| NIR |
Acrylnitrile-isoprene rubber |
| NR |
Natural rubber (latex),
plantation rubber |
| Overlay |
The addition of another layer
of lining over an in-place lining construction before vulcanization.
|
| Parting force |
The parting force is the
adhesive force related to the width of the test body (DIN 53531 T1) |
| Prevulcanization
time t35 |
The prevulcanization time is
the time in minutes from the start of the measurement up to the point in time at which the
Mooney viscosity has risen by 35 Mooney units above the viscosity minimum (DIN 53523 T4). |
| Prevulcanization
time t5 |
The prevulcanization time is
the time in minutes from the start of the measurement up to the point in time at which the
Mooney viscosity has risen by 5 Mooney units above the viscosity minimum. It is also
termed the precuring or scorch time (DIN 53523 T4). |
| Pinhole |
A small, pore-like defect or
leak extending entirely through the lining thickness and appearing as a discontinuity;
synonymous with "holiday". |
| Polychloroprene |
Chloroprene rubber (CR),
synthetic rubber, polymer of 2-chlorobutadiene, can be vulcanized to soft rubber, shows
good chemical resistance as well as resistance to ageing, weathering and abrasion, and has
medium resistance to oils |
| Polyisoprene |
Isoprene rubber (IR),
synthetic version of natural rubber, is used instead of or mixed with natural rubber, can
be processed to hard or soft rubber |
| Primer |
The first coat of an adhesive
system applied over a prepared surface for adhesion of rubber. |
| Roller-Head-Anlage |
High performance extruder with
wide extrusion head and two-roller calender |
| Rubber |
Natural rubber or any
synthetic, elastomeric material with physical properties similar to those of natural
rubber. |
| Rubber
sheets - calendered |
Several plyers of thin rubber
foils of the same or different qualities applied to one rubber sheet |
| Rubber
sheets - extruded |
Continuous extrusion of rubber
sheets or hoses in one layer |
| Rubber
sheets - precured |
Rubber sheets, partially or
completely cured in an autoclave prior application |
| Rebound
resilience |
The rebound resilience R is
the ratio of the energy recovered to the energy expended (DIN 53512)
|
| SBR |
Styrene-butadiene rubber |
| Shore
hardness |
To be understood as the Shore
hardness is the resistance exercised by the test material to a body of defined shape being
pressed into it under a defined spring pressure (DIN 53505), Shore A for soft rubber,
Shore D for Ebonite/hard rubber |
| Self-curing |
Term applied to rubber
mixtures that cure and cross-link on their own at room temperture or at elevated
temperatures |
| Shore
A |
Hardness test in accordance
with Shore A (DIN 53505) for hard rubber |
| Shore
D |
Hardness test in accordance
with Shore D (DIN 53505) for hard rubber |
| SIR |
Styrene-isoprene rubber |
| Spark
tester |
A high-voltage test unit used
to detect breaks or holes in a lining. |
| Steam
Cure |
The pressure vessel is used as
its own autoclave by closing off all openings and filling the vessel with steam under
controlled temperature and pressure. The temperature of the steam and steel skin shall be
monitored and a log shall be kept. |
| Substrate |
Carrier material for the
corrosion protection / wear protection with rubber such as C-steel, stainless steel,
glass-fibre reinforced plastic
|
| Tearing resistance |
The resistance to tearing is
the quotient of the force Ft as measured at the moment of tearing and the
initial cross-section A0 of the test body (DIN 53504) |
| Tie
gum |
A backing layer of rubber
employed to promote bonding of two surfaces; usually a soft rubber compound.
|
| Viscosity minimum |
The viscosity minimum Mmin is
the figure displayed on the shearing disk viscosimeter at the minimum of the torque
(expressed in Mooney units) - time curve (DIN 53523 T4) |
| Vulcanization |
An irreversible process during
which a rubber compound achieves its designed properties through a change in its chemical
structure.
|
| Wrinkle |
A crease in the rubber;
thickness is reduced in the valleys of the crease.
|
Association of the Rubber
Lining Industry info@fdg-online.com
|
